This volume consists of 8 articles from 23 authors affiliated with 4 institutions from 3 countries including :

• Indonesia (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Universitas Komputer Indonesia)  
• Malaysia ( Universiti Sains Malaysia)
• South Korea (Youngsan University)

This volume consists of 6 articles from 21 authors affiliated with 8 institutions from 3 countries including :

• Nigeria (Landmark University, Federal College of Agriculture)
• Indonesia (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Universitas Ageng Tirtayasa, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Universitas Komputer Indonesia)  
• Thailand (Silpakorn University)