Retraction

Articles published in the Crane Journal will be considered retracted in publication if:

1. There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of error (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error)
2. The findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (i.e., a case of redundant publication)
3. It constitutes plagiarism
4. It reports unethical research

The retraction mechanism follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Retraction Guidelines, which can be accessed at
https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf.