KONSEPTUALISASI MEKANISME ANTI-SLAPP SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA
Conceptualization of the Anti-SLAPP Mechanism as an Instrument for Protecting Public Participation in Environmental Management in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34010/rnlj.v8i2.20335Keywords:
Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP); Anti-SLAPP; Partisipasi Masyarakat; Hukum Lingkungan.Abstract
A Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) refers to the misuse of legal instruments to hinder or silence public engagement, particularly within the environmental sector. Rather than seeking substantive truth, SLAPPs are intended to create protracted, costly, and exhausting legal proceedings that serve as a deterrent. This phenomenon occurs not only through civil litigation but also through criminalisation and other repressive measures. This study analyses the protection of public participation against SLAPPs within Indonesia’s environmental legal framework and examines the enhancement of Anti-SLAPP mechanisms to provide effective legal safeguards for environmental matters. The findings aim to contribute to the development of environmental law and offer recommendations for policymakers and law enforcement officials. The research is normative, utilising a legal and conceptual approach through literature review and qualitative analysis. The results indicate that Anti-SLAPP protections have been incorporated into Indonesian environmental law; however, their implementation remains limited due to insufficient procedural legal mechanisms. Legal reforms are necessary to integrate Anti-SLAPP provisions into both civil and criminal procedural law, including the introduction of case screening at the initial stage and the development of guidelines for law enforcement officials to effectively identify and halt SLAPPs, thereby ensuring the protection of public participation.
Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP) merupakan penyalahgunaan instrumen hukum untuk menghambat atau membungkam partisipasi masyarakat dalam memperjuangkan kepentingan publik, khususnya di bidang lingkungan hidup. SLAPP tidak berfokus pada pencarian kebenaran materiil, melainkan menciptakan proses hukum yang panjang, mahal, dan melelahkan sehingga menimbulkan efek jera. Fenomena ini tidak hanya muncul dalam bentuk gugatan perdata, tetapi juga melalui kriminalisasi dan tindakan represif terhadap pembela lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis perlindungan peran serta masyarakat dalam menghadapi SLAPP dalam sistem hukum lingkungan Indonesia serta mengkaji penguatan mekanisme Anti-SLAPP untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi pembela lingkungan. Penelitian diharapkan berkontribusi pada pengembangan hukum lingkungan dan menjadi masukan bagi pembentuk kebijakan serta aparat penegak hukum. Metode yang digunakan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui studi kepustakaan serta analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan Anti-SLAPP telah diakomodasi dalam hukum lingkungan Indonesia, namun implementasinya belum optimal karena belum didukung mekanisme hukum acara yang memadai. Diperlukan reformasi hukum yang mengintegrasikan Anti-SLAPP ke dalam hukum acara perdata dan pidana, termasuk penyaringan perkara sejak tahap awal serta pedoman bagi aparat penegak hukum untuk mengidentifikasi dan menghentikan SLAPP secara efektif guna menjamin perlindungan partisipasi masyarakat.
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