The Impact of Social Assistance (BPNT and PKH) Boosts Productivity in Bekasi City

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the BPNT and PKH variables as social assistance on Beneficiary Families (KPM) in the productivity of Bekasi City during the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) Covid-19, this study used a quantitative method, with data collection methods distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews in March-April 2022 data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS application. The results showed that the BPNT and PKH variables had a positive and significant effect on boosting productivity in Bekasi City, in that the distribution of aid was timely and targeted according to central data, aid This helps the Beneficiary Families (KPM) in meeting temporary economic needs, until the KPM realizes that the assistance is no longer needed and is given to those who are more deserving of it in the city of Bekasi


INTRODUCTION
Effective and efficient state administration that must be supported by the public and the private sector by assisting participation in making policies that protect the public interest, during the pandemic and after and still during the Covid-19 pandemic, there is massive poverty, unemployment, the elderly, physical and mental disabilities, orphans whose needs must be assisted by the government with social assistance programs (BPNT and PKH) (Gultom et al., 2020).In this research on the impact of social assistance (BPNT and PKH) to boost productivity, it will provide an overview of the impact of social assistance to the extent of helping current community needs, with the he lp of BPNT and PKH variables in Bekasi City.In previous research on the culture and motivation of Social Service employees regarding the distribution of social assistance, it showed that there was a fairly good, positive and significant relationship.This was proven by simultaneous correlation and regression tests for each variable, although it did exist.not yet showing 100%, subsequent research on transformative leadership and organizational commitment to management performance at the Bekasi City Health Office in distributing social assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic showed a positive influence and a significant relationship, simultaneously for each variable (Supriyanto et al., 2021).Refers to the two studies, this research distinguishes from the object side of the recipient of social assistance received by the beneficiary family (KPM), while previous research refers to the subject or characteristics of the officers who help provide social assistance.
The Ministry of Social Affairs, in this case the government, has designed a social assistance scheme and its distribution to help ease the burden on society according to the mandate of the law, and has made breakthroughs such as assistance programs for individuals, families or community institutions who are less fortunate and still need it, social assistance is given once every three mounths (Nadhifah & Mustofa, 2021).Such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT), very Poor Household Assistance, Healthy Indonesia Cards (KIS), BPJS subsidy programs, School Operational Assistance (BOS), Indonesian Smart Cards (KIP) and others (Fadly et al., 2022) and innovations that have been prepared to provide solutions to the problems faced by society.during the COVID-19 pandemic, both the central and regional governments made every effort to be able to create professional public organization performance under any circumstances, during times like the Covid-19 pandemic, both health and social issues, specifically health workers being the frontline in the fight against Covid-19 19.The government has allocated Rp. 695.2 trillion in handling the 2020 COVID -19 pandemic including problem assistance, both the Family Hope Program (PKH), Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and others, specifically social assistance funds of Rp. 20 3.9 trillion (Wiwit et al., 2020), both in the form of money to poor families, affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, this assistance is channeled by transfer to each recipient's account or through PT Pos Indonesia.
The Ministry of Social Affairs as the government's representative in handling social assistance has made policies and a set of rules, including, Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) is food social assistance, namely social assistance through accounts to Beneficiary Families (KPM) so that they can meet their needs.Nabila et al. (2021) argue on e-waroeng provided by the relevant social services, with banking for the distribution of this assistance to increase the welfare of the community, with this program it is hoped that it can reduce the expenditure burden on Beneficiary Families (KPM) through meeting needs as food needs, providing more balanced food to encourage the achievement of sustainable development goals, this is in accordance with the Definition of Non-Cash Food Rocks (BPNT), following the distribution mechanism as follows by registering funds or opening an account, initially notifications are made to KPM, informing the list of KPM per village then coordinating with the channeling bank, then counseling and socialization, carried out after registration and opening of the account given to the KPM, then BPNT distribution, the BPNT distribution process is carried out by Bank BNI as the channeling bank used by the city Government and given free of charge, the expected result is the emergence wellbeing from the Beneficiary Group (KPM) and being able to increase community productivity and satisfaction in realizing this assistance is part of the government's concern.
In addition, it is also able to increase the productivity of KPM, according to the definition of the concept of productivity, namely the comparison between the results achieved with the resources as a whole, while labor productivity is the comparison between the results achieved with the labor market per unit time and as a benchmark if the expansion and activity attitudes resources used.The existence of this program is expected to reduce the expenditure burden on Beneficiary Families (KPM) through fulfilling needs as food needs, providing more balanced nutrition, increasing targets and receiving time, while the mechanism for using online data systems can produce one type of card that is connected to banks and can improve the level of effectiveness of social assistance in addition to BPNT, assistance PKH (Azhari et al., 2022).
Family Hope Program is used by the government to address the problem of population poverty in Indonesia, to help people increase economic productivity, the government makes policies in the form of social assistance in the form of BPNT and PKH, according to the definition of work productivity is where goods and services are produced by individuals or groups that give special consideration to the input and output achieved in effective and efficient performance measures.(Baiti et al., 2020), every organization or company basically has a goal, namely to obtain the maximum level of productivity because profit is the main key to running a company, both production, distribution and company (Suhardoyo & Utomo, 2017), community satisfaction can cause performance that results in feelings of pleasure or someone is disappointed with a product or service that has been enjoyed, this also applies to government performance in social assistance policies, both at the central and regional levels, because the resulting government is political legitimacy from direct election as a mandate from laws that work to provide and serve the satisfaction of the people who have chosen it.(Kurniawan et al., 2018) besides that satisfaction can be determined through the reliability dimension, which is a dimension that measures directly to customers or society.(Junaidi et.al., 2017) so that satisfaction can be felt as a feeling of pleasure or disappointment wa someone to the results that have been done in this case are government regulations or policies, including in social assistance.(Utomo & Syarief, 2017), so that question assistance can help increase community productivity, namely helping social security programs in the form of financial allowances, goods, or welfare services which are generally given to vulnerable families who do not have a decent income for humanity, poor families, the unemployed, children, persons with disabilities, the elderly, persons with physical and mental disabilities, minorities, orphans and others.
Social assistance is provided in Bekasi City every year for three months with a total fund of Rp. 600,000 for each Family Card (KK), while the Rice Social Assistance (BSB) is planned to be issued to 42,192 Bekasi City Beneficiary Groups (KPM) with a total of 15 Kg/month, while this assistance is issued as many as 150 thousand for the needs of Bekasi city social assistance recipients, the Office Social through the related villages refers to a name-per-address (BNBA) basis, on the SIKS NG online.(Azhari et al., 2022) system by the operator for right quantity indicated by the amount of money received by the KPM could be seen on ATMs or printed savings books.(Nurofik et al., 2022) with the timeliness and effectiveness of the distribution of social assistance, it is prioritized, although there are still problems in the field, several matters need to be investigated, researched and evaluated so that problems are minimized, some problems that occur are KPM compliance following the Family Capability socialization (P2K2) every week, ATM complaints missing, up to date can be resolved properly, so that the impact of BPNT and PKH social assistance in encouraging community productivity can run effectively.
Right quantity indicated by the amount of money received by the KPM could be seen on ATMs or printed savings books.(Jatmiko et al., 2021) from these problems the authors can determine the research, as follows that's there is an impact of B PNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City or there is no impact of BPNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City.Based on this , through this research the authors are interested in adding and the influence of other variables namely BPNT and PKH on Productivity in Bekasi City, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the BPNT and PKH variables as social assistance on Beneficiary Families (KPM) in the productivity of Bekasi City during the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions PPKM.(Munirah et al., 2021) Covid-19, this study used a quantitative method, with data The purpose of this study was to find out how much influence social assistance had on the BPNT and PKH variables for Bekasi Beneficiary Families (KPM), while the research method used quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS application and conducted questionnaires as well as interviews March-April 2022.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses quantitative research methods.The type of data used in this research is secondary data.The source of the data was obtained from data from the Bekasi City Social Service, North Bekasi District in the Bekasi Beneficiary Group (KPM) community and the data used for the March-April 2022 period by taking 20 respondents with the expectation of an answer and a response rate of 100%, in limited interviews, after that the authors perform SPSS statistical data processing with multiple linear regre ssion analysis method with validity and reliability tests using the following formula 1.
In formula 1. it is explained that social Assistance in this study, Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and Family Hope Program (PKH)) is measured in the period of acceptance to Beneficiary Families (KP M) as a constant value, where the equation has a coefficient function in which BPNT and PKH variables are constant.In estimating the right model to use in panel data regression, it can be seen from the structure of the classic assumption test model consisting of normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and hypothesis testing with t test and f test, in this research, a variable model of social assistance can be developed, namely BPNT and PKH influencing productivity in Bekasi City, this can be seen in Figure 1.: shows that social assistance with the BPNT (X1) and PKH (X2) variables, which have become government programs for poverty alleviation that have been received so far and are temporary, will be completed if the beneficiaries are able to fulfill their daily needs independently, have a significant positive effect on productivity (Y) in beneficiary families in Bekasi

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the study of the impact of BPNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City, a valid and reliable test was carried out to make a recapitulation of the results of the values obtained which were determined to have a validity value of ≥ 0.30 which can be said as an assessment instrument having sufficient content validity (Nugroho et.al., 2016), according to Table 1.

Source: Processed data, 2022
From the Table 1.shows that the validity test on 20 respondents with eight questions can produce answers to the BPNT variable of 0.5 and PKH of 0.63 and Satisfaction of 1 so that these variables can be said to be valid because With the criteria for each item> 0.3 (Pramuaji & Loekmono, 2018), so a reliability test will be carried out, so that these variables can be said to be valid, then a reliability test will be carried out.Following are the results of reliability data processing according to Table 2.  From the Table 2. it can be seen that, reliability testing in the impact research of BPNT and PKH encourages Productivity Satisfaction of KPM Bekasi can be seen that the value of r count is 0.703, in accordance with the needs calculated R value > R table, so that these variables are reliable, then it will classical assumption data testing was carried out, including the normality test, namely to find out how the data can be distributed properly, with a significance level = 5% or <0.05 in probability (Nugroho et al., 2016), the following are the results of data research according to Table 3. From the Table 3. shows has an asymp value.sig is 0.20, which means that the values are well distributed, and a heteroscedasticity test can be carried out, to determine whether there is dissimilarity for each variable, here are the results of the hetecedoxity test according to Figure 2.  shows that the points are spread over the number 0, these points do not converge at a certain point and are only spaced apart, then these points and there is no particular pattern, so it can be concluded that there is no there is a heteroscedasticity problem, and continued with the multiple regression equation test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, t test and f test, the following are the results of data testing according to Table 4.The Table 4. shows the impact of BPNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City as follows: Y = 22.488 + 0.413X1 -0.073X2, it can be concluded that a has a value of 22,488 which is a constant state, the BPNT variable (X1) shows whether it is influenced by the variable PKH (X2), and if the independent variable does not exist then the BPNT variable is unchanged, and the BPNT value is 0.413 indicating that the X2 variable has a positive effect.Each increase in the X2 variable will affect the X1 variable by 0.413 while the PKH variable is -0.073 indicating that the X1 variable has the effect that each increase in the X2 variable unit will affect the X1 variable by -0.73.And for R square data processing according to Table 5.From the Table 5. is known that the table value has an R-square value = 0.795 or 79.5%, so the conclusion is that the magnitude of the influence of BPNT and PKH variables on welfare satisfaction is 0.795 or 79.5 % with the remaining 20.5% still being influenced by certain variables not included in the study such as motivation, expectations, awareness and others.Next is testing the t-test data, testing to find out whether there is a difference between the two BPNT (X1) and PKH (X2) variables on the productivity of KPM Bekasi City satisfaction, which can be observed in the table below data processing according to Table 6.From the Table 6.shows a t test value of 3.389 from the assumption that the t table value of 2.021 is positive, determines t count > t table and it is concluded that each has a positive influence, then an f test will be carried out to knowing all the independent variables work well together or simultaneously on the dependent variable, the following f test values are the results of data testing data processing according to Table 7.The table shows that research on the impact of BPNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City has an f table value of 4.887 from an f table value of 1.190, which means that it has an f > f table value so that it has a positive and significant relationship.

Discussion
The Relationship between the Effect of BPNT on Satisfaction Productivity In research on the impact of BPNT and PKH on KPM Satisfaction Productivity in Bekasi City, it is known that the independent variables, namely BPNT and PKH, from the table have R-square = 0.79 or 79.5% indicating a fairly strong and influential value positive and significant, KPM (Beneficiary Families) already understand the flow and procedure for distributing BPNT, such as rice, sugar and so on, the results of this assistance are very helpful for the community, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic as it is now in more than two years the impact of Covid 19 is happening all over the world and in Indonesia, impacting the quality of service (Syarief et al., 2022), while research results from Nadhifah and Mustofa show that the Family Hope Program has a significant negative effect on poverty.The noncash assistance program has a negative and significant effect on poverty.
The hope family program which is moderated by economic growth has no significant negative effect.The Non-Cash Food Assistance Program which is moderated by economic growth has no significant negative effect (Nadhifah & Mustofa, 2021), he author can compare with previous studies that these studies are different that this study shows that BPNT and PKH have a positive and significant effect on productivity in Bekasi city, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Bekasi City Social Service have serious attention to this, but BPNT as non-cash assistance, every KPM must be vigilant if it feels that the family is starting to demonstrates the ability to pay for his needs, then gradually the aid will end, given its nature temporarily, so that it is expected to adjust to circumstances.Relationship between PKH and Satisfaction Productivity In research on the impact of PKH and BPNT on KPM satisfaction productivity in Bekasi City, it shows that the relationship between PKH shows a negative value on KPM satisfaction productivity, apart from KPM receiving cash and non-cash social assistance, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Bekasi City Social Service also provide cash assistance in the form of cash to be used for needs, but there are also those who argue that KPM deliberately continues to receive this assistance, even though PKH assistance has the same concept and goal, namely helping people in trouble.
Social Facilitators and PKH collect data correctly and have the courage to cut if there is a discrepancy in the data in the field so that it complies with the law (UU), and does not cause legal problems, such as corruption.Relationship between BPNT and PKH Effects on Satisfaction Productivity In research on the impact of PKH and BPNT on KPM satisfaction productivity in Bekasi City, it was shown that there was a positive and significant relationship, after simultaneous regression and correlation tests were carried out for each variable, although it had not shown 100%, this is because BPPT and PKH are social assistance established by the government.in an effort to help the community become a normal family in meeting their needs, and this assistance is temporary, this is what KPM must understand as a beneficiary family.

CONCLUSION
This study provides conclusions that are in accordance with the research objectives above, namely to determine the effect of BPNT and PKH variables on productivity in Bekasi City, which means that BPNT and PKH assistance can help meet temporary community needs, and the policies of the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Bekasi City Social Service are very concerned about the distribution of BPNT as non-cash assistance, PKH as cash assistance must be distributed appropriately and according to the mandate of the law, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, if KPM (Beneficiary Families) are considered capable of To meet their needs, the distribution of PKH and BPNT can be given to other communities who are more in need and more entitled to receive social assistance from the government.so that BPNT and PKH social assistance runs on time and on target for those who need the people of Bekasi City.

RECOMMENDATION
The results of the study is to improve the economy of the Beneficiary Families (KPM) of the Bekasi City Community and breaking away from dependence on social assistance and becoming more independent in meeting family needs and in the future the distribution of social assistance so that it can be right on target to the community those in need with the cooperation and coordination of related parties such as the Office of Social Affairs, Districts, Villages and local Social Facilitators by evaluating and monitoring systems in the distribution of social assistance based on precise and accurate data.

Figure
Figure 1.Research Model FramworkFigure1.shows that social assistance with the BPNT (X1) and PKH (X2) variables, which have become government programs for poverty alleviation that have been received so far and are temporary, will be completed if the beneficiaries are able to fulfill their daily needs independently, have a significant positive effect on productivity (Y) in beneficiary families in Bekasi

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Heteroscedasticity TestForm the Figure2.shows that the points are spread over the number 0, these points do not converge at a certain point and are only spaced apart, then these points and there is no particular pattern, so it can be concluded that there is no there is a heteroscedasticity

Table 3 . Normality Test Recapitulation
a. Test distribution is Normal.b.Calculated from data.c.Lilliefors Significance Correction.Source: Processed data, 2022